As the PVS is solely directed on the veins, damage to non-venous smooth tissues is averted. Tissues like nerve, artery and lymphatic vessels are spared. Since June 1988 we have utilized the PVS treatment as outpatient operation less than neighborhood anaesthesia. Neither electrosurgery nor a suction equipment has been necessary https://www.sgvascularctr.com/understanding-venous-leak-treatment-in-singapore/